Sirri takwas na Gina Tsarin Karfe

I. Halayentsarin karfe

1. Nauyin kansa na tsarin karfe yana da haske

2. Mafi girman amincin aikin tsarin karfe

3. Kyakkyawan juriya (girgiza) juriya da tasirin tasirin karfe.

4. Higher digiri na masana'antu na karfe tsarin masana'antu.

5. Ana iya haɗa tsarin ƙarfe daidai da sauri.

6. Sauƙi don yin tsarin da aka rufe.

7. Tsarin karfe yana da sauƙi don lalata.

8. Tsarin ƙarfe yana da ƙarancin juriya na wuta.

II. Yawan aiki karfe tsarin karfe sa da kuma yi China:

1. Carbon tsarin karfe: Q195, Q215, Q235, Q255, Q275, da dai sauransu.

2. Low gami high ƙarfi tsarin karfe.

3. Quality carbon structural steel and alloy structural steel.

4. Karfe na musamman.

III. Ƙa'idar zaɓin kayan abu don tsarin karfe

 Ka'idar zaɓin kayan aiki na tsarin ƙarfe shine tabbatar da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na tsarin ɗaukar nauyi da kuma hana ɓarna lalacewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, gwargwadon mahimmancin tsarin, halayen kaya, tsarin tsari, yanayin damuwa, hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, kauri da ƙarfe yanayin aiki, da sauran abubuwan da aka yi la'akari da su gaba ɗaya.

IV. Abubuwan fasaha na babban tsarin karfe

 (1) Fasaha tsarin ƙarfe mai tsayi mai tsayi. Dangane da tsayin ginin da buƙatun ƙira, firam, tallafin firam, Silinda da tsarin firam ɗin giant ana ɗaukar su bi da bi, kuma ana iya yin abubuwan da suka haɗa da ƙarfe, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan bututun ƙarfe. Abubuwan da aka gyara na ƙarfe suna da haske da ductile, kuma ana iya amfani da ƙarfe mai welded ko karfe mai birgima, wanda ya dace da gine-gine masu tsayi; Ƙarfafa abubuwan da aka ƙarfafa masu ƙarfi suna da babban ƙarfi da kuma juriya mai kyau na wuta, wanda ya dace da gine-gine na tsakiya da tsayin daka ko tsarin kasa; karfe bututu kankare yana da sauƙin ginawa kuma ana amfani dashi kawai don tsarin ginshiƙi.

(2) Fasahar tsarin ƙarfe ta sararin samaniya. Tsarin ƙarfe na sararin samaniya yana da nauyin nauyi mai sauƙi, babban rigidity, kyakkyawan ƙirar ƙira da saurin ginin gini. The ball kumburi lebur farantin net frame, Multi-Layer m giciye-sashe net frame da net harsashi da karfe bututu a matsayin sanda memba ne mafi girma adadin sarari karfe tsarin a kasar Sin. Yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga babban sarari rigidity da low karfe amfani a zane, gini da kuma dubawa hanyoyin, kuma zai iya samar da cikakken CAD. baya ga tsarin firam ɗin net, tsarin sararin samaniya yana da babban tsarin dakatarwa na USB, tsarin membrane na USB da sauransu.

(3) Fasaha tsarin karfe mai haske. Tare da ƙarfe mai launin haske da aka yi da bango da tsarin shingen rufin wanda ya ƙunshi sabbin sifofin tsarin. By fiye da 5mm karfe farantin welded ko birgima babban giciye-sashe na bakin ciki-bango H-beam bango katako da rufin purlins, zagaye karfe a cikin m goyon bayan tsarin da high-ƙarfi kusoshi da alaka da nauyi karfe tsarin tsarin, da shafi tazara iya. zama daga 6m zuwa 9m, tazarar na iya zama har zuwa 30m ko mafi girma, tsayin zai iya kaiwa fiye da mita goma sha biyu kuma za'a iya saita shi zuwa nauyi rataye hudu. Adadin karfe 20 ~ 30kg/m2. Yanzu akwai daidaitattun hanyoyin ƙirar ƙira da masana'antun samarwa na musamman, ingancin samfur, shigarwa mai sauri, nauyi mai nauyi, ƙarancin saka hannun jari, ginin ba'a iyakance shi ta kakar ba, dacewa da nau'ikan gine-ginen masana'antu masu haske.

(4) karfe da kankare hade tsarin fasaha. Sarrafa ƙarfe ko ƙarfe da kayan aikin siminti waɗanda suka haɗa da ginshiƙai, ginshiƙai, tsarin ɗaukar nauyi don tsarin haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe, iyakokin aikace-aikacen yana haɓaka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Haɗin tsarin duka ƙarfe da kankare duka fa'idodi, ƙarfin gabaɗaya, ƙarfin ƙarfi mai kyau, kyakkyawan aikin girgizar ƙasa, lokacin amfani da simintin simintin waje, mafi kyawun wuta da juriya na lalata. Haɗaɗɗen abubuwan haɗin ginin na iya rage adadin ƙarfe gabaɗaya 15-20%. Haɗuwa da murfin bene da kayan aikin bututun ƙarfe na ƙarfe, amma har ila yau yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin tallafi ko ƙirar tallafi, ginin yana dacewa da sauri, haɓaka haɓaka mafi girma. Ya dace da gine-gine masu yawa ko manyan gine-gine tare da manyan nau'i na firam, ginshiƙai da murfin, gine-ginen masana'antu, ginshiƙai da murfin, da dai sauransu.

(5) Haɗin haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi da fasahar walda. Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi shine ta hanyar juzu'i don canja wurin damuwa, ta kusoshi, goro da wanki sassa uku. Tare da abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin sauƙi yi, m dismantling, high hali iya aiki, mai kyau anti-gajiya yi da kai kullewa, high aminci, da dai sauransu, high-ƙarfi aron kusa haɗi ya maye gurbin riveting da partially waldi a cikin aikin, kuma ya zama babban. hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a cikin ƙirƙira da shigar da tsarin ƙarfe. Don abubuwan haɗin ƙarfe da aka yi a cikin bitar, yakamata a ɗauki walda mai nau'in waya da yawa ta atomatik don faranti mai kauri, kuma dabaru kamar haɗaɗɗun spout electroslag ya kamata a karbe su don ɓangarori na ginshiƙi mai siffar akwatin. Fasahar walda ta Semi-atomatik da waya mai kariyar iskar gas da fasahar waya mai kariyar kai za a ɗauka a cikin aikin shigarwa na kan layi.

(6) Fasahar kariyar tsarin ƙarfe. Ƙarfe tsarin kariya ya haɗa da kariya ta wuta, anticorrosion da antirust, wanda gabaɗaya ana karɓa bayan maganin rufin wuta ba tare da maganin maganin tsatsa ba, amma maganin anticorrosion har yanzu ana buƙatar a cikin gine-gine masu lalata gas. Akwai nau'ikan rufi na gida da yawa, irin su jerin TN, MC-10, da sauransu. Daga cikinsu, MC-10 mai hana wuta suna da fenti na magnetic alkyd, fentin roba na chlorinated, fentin roba na fluorine da fenti na chlorosulphonated. A cikin ginin, ya kamata a zaɓi sutura masu dacewa da kauri mai kauri bisa ga nau'in tsarin ƙarfe, buƙatun matakin juriya na wuta da bukatun muhalli.

V. Makasudi da Ma'auni don Tsarin Karfe

 Injiniyan tsarin ƙarfe ya ƙunshi fa'idodi da yawa da matsalolin fasaha, kuma dole ne ya bi ƙa'idodin ƙasa da masana'antu da ƙa'idodi a cikin haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen sa. Ma'aikatun gudanarwa na gida ya kamata su mai da hankali kan gina ƙwararrun lokaci na injiniyan tsarin ƙarfe, tsara horar da ƙungiyar duba ingancin, da taƙaita ayyukan aiki da aikace-aikacen sabbin fasaha a cikin lokaci. Kwalejoji da jami'o'i, sassan ƙira da masana'antun gine-gine ya kamata su hanzarta noman injiniyoyin tsarin ƙarfe da injiniyoyi, da haɓaka fasahar balagagge na tsarin ƙarfe CAD. taro ilimi kungiyoyin kamata hada kai tare da ci gaban karfe tsarin fasaha, yadu gudanar da gida da waje ilimi musayar da kuma horo ayyukan, da kuma rayayye sa overall matakin karfe tsarin zane, ƙirƙira da yi da kuma shigarwa fasahar a nan gaba, wanda zai iya zama. lada don kyautatawa.

VI. Haɗin tsarin ƙarfe

 (A) Haɗin kabu na walda

Haɗin walda yana ta hanyar zafin da ke haifar da baka ta yadda sandar walda da narkewar gida, sanyaya sanyi a cikin walƙiya, don haɗa walda don zama ɗaya.

Abũbuwan amfãni: ba ya raunana giciye-sashe na memba, ceton karfe, sauki tsari, sauki yi, dangane stiffness, mai kyau sealing yi, sauki don amfani a karkashin wasu yanayi na aiki da kai, high samar da inganci.

Rashin hasara: walda kusa da karfe saboda walda high zafin jiki sakamako na samuwar zafi-shafi yankin na iya zama wasu sassa na kayan zama gaggautsa; tsarin walda na karfe ta hanyar rarraba rashin daidaituwa na babban zafin jiki da sanyaya, don haka tsarin walƙiya saura danniya da saura nakasawa akan tsarin ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi, taurin kai da aiki yana da wani tasiri; welded tsarin saboda taurin manyan, na gida fasa da ke faruwa a sauƙi mika zuwa ga dukan, musamman a yanayin zafi mai saukin kamuwa da karaya; welded gidajen abinci saboda taurin, gida fasa faruwa sauƙi mika zuwa dukan, musamman a low yanayin zafi. Karaya; filastik haɗin walda da taurin ba shi da kyau, walda na iya haifar da lahani, ta yadda ƙarfin gajiya ya ragu.

(B) haɗin gwiwa

Haɗin Bolt yana ta hanyar na'urorin kulle kamar su haɗe-haɗe don zama ɗaya. Haɗin Bolt ya kasu kashi na yau da kullun na haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.

Abũbuwan amfãni: tsarin gine-gine mai sauƙi, sauƙi don shigarwa, musamman dacewa da haɗin haɗin yanar gizon, kuma mai sauƙi don rushewa, dace da buƙatar shigarwa da rushe tsarin da haɗin kai na wucin gadi.

Rashin hasara: buƙatar buɗe ramuka a cikin farantin karfe da haɗuwa da ramuka, haɓaka aikin masana'anta, da kuma samar da madaidaicin buƙatun; Hakanan ramukan ƙulla suna raunana ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren, kuma sassan da aka haɗa galibi suna buƙatar latsawa ko ƙarin farantin haɗin haɗin gwiwa (ko kusurwa), don haka ƙarin gini mai rikitarwa da ƙarfe mai tsada.

(C) haɗin haɗin gwiwa

Haɗin Rivet shine ƙarshen ɗaya tare da wani ɗan ƙaramin madauwari wanda aka riga aka tsara na rivet, sandar ƙusa za ta ƙone ja da sauri a sanya shi cikin ramukan ƙusa a cikin mahaɗin, sannan a yi amfani da bindigar rivet shima za a rive shi zuwa ɗayan ƙarshen ƙusa. kai, don yin haɗin gwiwa don cimma maɗaurin.

Abũbuwan amfãni: riveting abin dogara da karfi watsa, filastik, taurin sun fi kyau, ingancin yana da sauƙi don dubawa kuma tabbatar da cewa za a iya amfani da shi don nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyi . - mai tsanani, don haka an sake maimaita shiced ta walda da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.

VII. haɗin welded

 (A) Hanyoyin walda

Hanyar walda ta gama gari don tsarin ƙarfe shine walƙiyar baka na lantarki, gami da waldawar baka ta hannu, walƙiya ta atomatik ko ta atomatik da walƙiyar kariya ta gas.

Waldawar baka na hannu shine mafi yawan amfani da hanyar walda a tsarin karfe, tare da kayan aiki mai sauƙi, aiki mai sassauƙa da dacewa. Koyaya, yanayin aiki ba shi da kyau, yawan aiki yana ƙasa da na walda ta atomatik ko ta atomatik, kuma bambancin ingancin walda yana da girma, wanda ya dogara da matakin fasaha na walda zuwa wani ɗan lokaci.

Atomatik waldi kabu ingancin kwanciyar hankali, weld na ciki lahani kasa, mai kyau plasticity, mai kyau tasiri tauri, dace da waldi tsawon kai tsaye weld. Semi-atomatik waldi saboda manual aiki, dace da waldi kwana ko sabani siffar weld. Ya kamata a yi amfani da walda ta atomatik da Semi-atomatik tare da babban jikin ƙarfe da juzu'in da ke dacewa da waya, waya ya kamata ya dace da ka'idodin ƙasa, ya kamata a ƙayyade juzu'i bisa ga buƙatun tsarin walda.

walda mai kariya ta iskar gas shine a yi amfani da iskar inert gas (ko CO2) a matsayin madaidaicin kariya ga baka, ta yadda narkakkar ta ke keɓe daga iska don kiyaye tsarin walda. Gas garkuwar walda baka dumama taro, waldi gudun, zurfin Fusion, don haka ƙarfin weld ya fi na manual waldi. Kuma kyawawan filastik da juriya na lalata, dace da walƙiya mai kauri na ƙarfe.

(B) sifar walda

Fom ɗin haɗin weld bisa ga haɗawa da matsayin juna na membobin za a iya raba su zuwa gindi, cinya, haɗin T-dimbin yawa da haɗin kusurwa da sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan guda huɗu. Ana amfani da waɗannan haɗin gwiwa a cikin walƙiyar kabu butt weld da fillet waldi nau'i na asali guda biyu. A cikin takamaiman aikace-aikacen, ya kamata a haɗa shi bisa ga ƙarfin, haɗe tare da masana'anta, shigarwa da yanayin walda don zaɓi.

(C) tsarin walda

1, Tushen wuta

Butt welds kai tsaye canja wurin ƙarfi, santsi, babu wani gagarumin taro taro sabon abu, don haka mai kyau aiki, domin ɗauke da a tsaye da kuma tsauri lodi ne m ga dangane da aka gyara. Duk da haka, saboda high quality bukatun na butt weld, da waldi rata tsakanin weldments ne mafi stringent bukatun, gaba ɗaya amfani da masana'anta sadarwa sadarwa.

2, waldar fillet

Siffar fillet ɗin walƙiya: fillet ɗin walƙiya gwargwadon tsayinsa da jagorar ƙarfin waje, ana iya raba shi cikin layi ɗaya zuwa gefen gefen ginshiƙi mai ƙarfi, daidai gwargwado zuwa gaban gaban ƙarfin fillet ɗin. kuma alƙawarin ƙarfin yana haɗuwa da diagonal ta hanyar walƙiya fillet ɗin da ba a taɓa gani ba da walƙiyar kewaye.

An kara rarraba nau'in nau'in nau'i na fillet waldi zuwa na yau da kullun, gangaren lebur da nau'in fusion mai zurfi. A cikin adadi, ana kiran hf girman ƙafar walda na fillet. Nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na 1: 1 na yau da kullum, mai kama da isosceles dama triangle, lankwasawa layin watsa karfi ya fi tsanani, don haka damuwa yana da tsanani. Don tsarin da aka yi shi kai tsaye da lodi mai ƙarfi, don yin jigilar ƙarfi ya zama santsi, ya kamata a yi amfani da weld na kusurwar gaba da girman girman girman kusurwa biyu na 1: 1.

VIII. haɗin gwiwa

(A) Tsarin haɗin gwiwa na gama gari

1, A tsari da kuma ƙayyadaddun na kowa aron kusa

2, A tsari na kowa aron kusa dangane

Shirye-shiryen kusoshi ya kamata ya zama mai sauƙi, uniform da m, don saduwa da bukatun karfi, gina jiki mai dacewa da sauƙi don shigarwa. Akwai nau'ikan tsari guda biyu: gefe-da-gefe da staggered. Juxtaposition ya fi sauƙi kuma tsararru ta fi ƙaranci.

(B) halayen ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na yau da kullun

1, Haɗin kai tsaye

2, Tashin hankali haɗin gwiwa

3,Tension da karfi aron kusa dangane

(C) halayen ƙarfi na ƙwanƙwasa masu ƙarfi

Ana iya raba haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi zuwa nau'in juzu'i da nau'in matsa lamba bisa ga ƙira da buƙatun tilastawa. Haɗin nau'in juzu'i a cikin jure jurewa, a waje da ƙarfin ƙarfi don isa matsakaicin yuwuwar juriya tsakanin farantin don yanayin iyaka; lokacin da fiye da lokacin da dangi ya zame tsakanin farantin, wato, an yi la'akari da haɗin kai ya kasa da lalacewa. Nau'in nau'in matsi a cikin shear, sa'an nan kuma ba da damar yin nasara da rikici da zamewar dangi tsakanin farantin, sa'an nan kuma ƙarfin waje na iya ci gaba da karuwa, sa'an nan kuma halakar ƙarshe na ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa ko rami na bango don iyakar iyaka.