Yadda ake hana tsatsa da lalata akan tsarin karfe

Ƙarfe tsarin ginin injiniyaan san shi da aikin kore na karni na 21, tsarin karfe yana da fa'idodi da yawa kamar ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi, nauyi mai nauyi, ƙaramin ƙaramin sarari da aka shagaltar da shi, ƙira mai sauƙi da shigarwa na abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, adana itace, da sauransu, don haka yana da ana amfani da su sosai a cikin gine-ginen masana'antu da na farar hula. Gine-ginen Ƙarfe da Tsarin Karfe Warehouses suna ko'ina.

Tare da saurin bunƙasa masana'antu, juriya na lalata ƙarfe da ƙarancin juriya ga tsatsa da lalata da sauran batutuwa a hankali sun bayyana, musamman a yankunan bakin teku kuma masana'antar sinadarai ta zama babbar matsala!

Lalacewar tsarin karfe ba wai kawai yana haifar da asarar tattalin arziki ba, har ma yana kawo hatsarin boye ga amincin tsarin, kuma hadurran injiniyoyi da ke haifar da lalata karafa sun zama ruwan dare, don haka maganin hana lalata tsarin karfe (musamman kayan aikin karfe na bakin karfe). masu muhimmancin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa, kuma wadannan su ne wasu gabatarwa da tattaunawa kan matsalolin da ake samu a tsarin gini da wasu hanyoyin magani.

1. Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da lalata tsarin karfe

Hana lalata karfe yana farawa da fahimtar abubuwan da ke haifar da lalata karfe.

1.1 Tsarin lalata na karfe a zazzabi na ɗaki (kasa da 100 ° C)

Lalacewar karfe a dakin daki shine yawanci lalatawar lantarki. Ana amfani da tsarin ƙarfe a cikin yanayi a yanayin zafin jiki, kuma ƙarfe yana lalata ta hanyar aikin danshi, iskar oxygen da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa (ƙananan walda mara tsabta, tsatsa Layer, datti na ƙasa) a cikin yanayi. Yanayin zafi na dangi yana ƙasa da 60%, lalatawar ƙarfe kaɗan ne; amma lokacin da yanayin zafi ya ƙaru zuwa wani ƙima, ƙarancin lalata na ƙarfe ya tashi ba zato ba tsammani, kuma ana kiran wannan ƙimar zafi mai mahimmanci. A dakin da zazzabi, babban karfe m zafi na 60% zuwa 70%.

Lokacin da iska ta gurɓace ko gishiri a cikin iska a cikin yankunan bakin teku, matsanancin zafi yana da ƙananan ƙananan, ƙananan ƙarfe yana da sauƙi don samar da fim na ruwa. A wannan lokaci, waldi slag da untreated tsatsa Layer (baƙin ƙarfe oxide) kamar yadda cathode, karfe tsarin aka gyara (tushe abu) kamar yadda anode a cikin ruwa film electrochemical lalata. Danshi na yanayi wanda aka tallata a saman karfe don samar da fim din ruwa shine abin da ke tabbatar da lalata karfe; yanayin zafi na dangi da abubuwan da ke cikin gurɓatawa sune mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar matakin lalata yanayi.

1.2 lalata inji na karfe a high zafin jiki (sama 100 ℃)

Lalacewar karfe a yanayin zafi galibi lalata sinadarai ne. A babban zafin jiki, ruwa yana wanzuwa a cikin yanayin gas, tasirin electrochemical yana da ƙananan ƙananan, an rage shi zuwa wani abu na biyu. Karfe da bushe gas (kamar O2, H2S, SO2, Cl2, da dai sauransu) lamba, da surface tsara na daidai mahadi (chlorides, sulfides, oxides), samuwar sinadarai lalata karfe.

2 Hanyoyin kariya daga lalata tsarin karfe

Dangane da ka'idar electrochemical na lalata karfe, idan dai an hana ko lalata samuwar baturi mai lalata ko kuma an toshe hanyoyin cathodic da anodic, ana iya hana lalatawar karfe. Yin amfani da hanyar kariya don hana lalata tsarin karfe hanya ce ta gama gari a halin yanzu, Layer na kariya da aka saba amfani da shi yana da nau'ikan:

2.1 Ƙarfe mai kariya Layer: karfe kariya Layer ne karfe ko gami da cathodic ko anodic sakamako kariya, ta hanyar electroplating, fesa plating, sinadarai plating, zafi plating da seepage plating da sauran hanyoyin, da bukatar kare karfe surface samar da karfe kariya Layer (fim). don ware ƙarfe daga matsakaicin lalata a cikin hulɗa tare da matsakaicin lalata, ko amfani da tasirin kariya na electrochemical na kariyar ƙarfe, don hana lalata.

2.2 Layer na kariya: ta hanyar sinadarai ko hanyoyin lantarki don yin farfajiyar karfe don samar da fim ɗin fili mai jure lalata, don ware tsaka-tsaki mai lalata da ƙarfe, don hana lalata ƙarfe.

2.3 Layer kariya mara ƙarfe: tare da fenti, robobi, enamel da sauran abubuwa, ta hanyar zane-zane da feshi da sauran hanyoyin, a samar da fim mai kariya a saman karfen, ta yadda karfe da kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata su kebe, ta yadda za a hana lalata karfen. .

3. Karfe saman jiyya

Sarrafa karafa zuwa masana'anta a baya, babu makawa saman abubuwan da aka gyara za su kasance da gurbataccen mai, danshi, kura da sauran gurbacewar yanayi, da kuma kasancewar bursu, iron oxide, tsatsa da sauran lahani. Daga manyan dalilan da suka gabata na lalata tsarin karfe, mun san cewa abubuwan da ke cikin gurɓataccen abu abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke shafar matakin lalatawar yanayi, kuma gurɓataccen yanayi zai yi tasiri sosai kan mannewar rufin saman ƙarfe, da yin fenti. fim ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin lalata yana ci gaba da fadadawa, yana haifar da gazawar shafi ko lalacewa, ba zai iya cimma tasirin kariya da ake so ba. Sabili da haka, ingancin maganin saman ƙarfe akan tasirin kariya na sutura da rayuwar tasirin, wani lokacin har ma fiye da rufin kanta nau'ikan bambance-bambancen aiki a cikin tasirin abubuwan da ke biyowa ya kamata a jaddada:

3.1. Don abubuwan da ke ɗaukar kaya waɗanda ke da wahalar gyarawa yayin lokacin sabis, yakamata a ƙara darajar ragewa yadda ya kamata.

3.2. Kafin da kuma bayan cirewa, man shafawa, burr, fata na magani, fantsama da baƙin ƙarfe oxide ya kamata a kawar da su a hankali.

3.3. ingancin yarda da ƙaddamarwa da ayyukan zane ya kasance daidai da ka'idoji.

4.Anti-lalata Shafi

Abubuwan da ke hana lalatawa gabaɗaya sun haɗa da firamare da babban gashi. Mahimmanci a cikin foda mafi, ƙananan kayan tushe, fim mai banƙyama, aikin mai mahimmanci shine yin fim ɗin fenti tare da matakin ciyawa-tushen da kuma haɗuwa da topcoat mai ƙarfi, wato, don samun kyakkyawar mannewa; primer yana da lalata da ke hana pigments, zai iya hana faruwar lalata, wasu kuma na iya zama wuce gona da iri na karfe da kariyar lantarki don hana ƙarfe daga tsatsa. Topcoat yana da ƙasa da foda, ƙarin kayan tushe, bayan fim ɗin yana da haske, babban aikin shine don kare ƙananan Layer na primer, don haka ya kamata ya zama marar lahani ga yanayi da zafi, kuma ya kamata ya iya tsayayya da bazuwar jiki da sinadarai. lalacewa ta hanyar yanayi. Halin da ake ciki yanzu shine a yi amfani da resins na roba don inganta juriya na yanayi na matsakaici. Abubuwan da ke hana lalatawa tare da juriya na yanayi gabaɗaya suna da juriya ga lalata lokacin tururi a cikin yanayi. Don wuraren da acid da alkalis da sauran kafofin watsa labarai ke lalatawa, dole ne a yi amfani da suturar juriya na acid da alkali.

Anti-lalata Paint bisa ga aikin karewa za a iya raba kashi na farko, tsakiyar fenti da saman gashi, kowane Layer na Paint yana da nasa halaye, kowane da alhakin da alhakin, hade da yadudduka, samuwar wani hadadden shafi zuwa ga. inganta aikin anti-lalata, tsawaita rayuwar sabis.

4.1 firamare

Alamar farko da aka saba amfani da ita don rigakafin lalata sune sinadari mai ɗimbin zinc da kuma epoxy iron-ja primer, fenti mai arziƙin zinc ya ƙunshi babban adadin ƙananan ƙwayar zinc foda da ƙaramin adadin kayan aikin fim. Siffofin lantarki na Zinc sun fi na karfe, kuma idan aka lalata shi, yana da tasirin "saukar da kai", ta yadda karfe ya kasance mai kariya. Samfurin lalata zinc oxide ya cika pores kuma yana sa murfin ya zama mai yawa. Tushen da aka fi amfani da shi mai arzikin zinc yana da nau'ikan iri uku masu zuwa:

(1) gilashin ruwa inorganic tutiya-rich primer, shi ne ruwa gilashin matsayin tushe abu, ƙara zinc foda, hadawa da brushing, bayan curing da za a kurkura da ruwa, da yi tsari ne hadaddun, m tsari yanayi, da surface jiyya dole ne. kasance a cikin Sa2.5 ko fiye, ban da yanayin zafin jiki, buƙatun zafi, samar da fim ɗin mai laushi yana da sauƙi don fashewa, kwasfa, kuma an yi amfani da shi da wuya.

(2) mai narkewa inorganic zinc-rich primer, firamare dogara ne a kan ethyl orthosilicate, barasa a matsayin sauran ƙarfi, partially hydrolyzed polymerization, ƙara tutiya foda gauraye a ko'ina mai rufi fim.

(3) Zinc-rich primer, shi ne epoxy guduro a matsayin fim-forming tushe abu, ƙara tutiya foda, curing don samar da wani shafi. Epoxy tutiya-arziki na share fage ne ba kawai kyau kwarai anticorrosion Properties, da kuma karfi adhesion, kuma tare da na gaba shafi epoxy baƙin ƙarfe-girgije Paint ne mai kyau mannewa irin. Yafi amfani a cikin general yanayi na karfe frame tsarin da petrochemical kayan aiki lalata.

Epoxy baƙin ƙarfe oxide ja primer ya kasu kashi gwangwani na biyu-bangaren fenti, bangaren A (Paint) sanya da epoxy guduro, baƙin ƙarfe oxide ja da sauran antirust pigments toughening wakili, anti-sinking wakili, da dai sauransu, bangaren B ne curing wakili. gina rabon turawa. Iron oxide ja wani nau'i ne na launin fata na jiki na jiki, yanayinsa yana da kwanciyar hankali, ƙarfin rufewa mai karfi, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, zai iya yin tasiri mai kyau a cikin fim din fenti, yana da kyakkyawan aikin anti-tsatsa. Epoxy baƙin ƙarfe oxide ja primer a kan farantin karfe da babba Layer na epoxy Paint da kyau mannewa, azumi bushewa a dakin da zafin jiki, babba Layer na surface Paint ba ya zubar da launi, fiye da amfani a karfe bututu, tankuna, karfe tsarin anticorrosion ayyukan. , a matsayin tsatsa primer.

4.2 tsakiyar Layer na fenti

Fenti na tsakiya gabaɗaya epoxy mica ne da sikelin gilashin epoxy ko fenti mai kauri na epoxy. Epoxy mica fenti an yi shi ne da resin epoxy a matsayin kayan tushe ta hanyar ƙara mica iron oxide, ƙirar microstructure na mica iron oxide kamar flaky mica ne, kaurinsa ƴan micrometers ne kawai, kuma diamita ya kai dubun micrometers zuwa micrometers ɗari. Yana da high zafin jiki juriya, alkali juriya, acid juriya, ba mai guba, flake tsarin iya hana matsakaici shigar azzakari cikin farji, inganta anti-lalata yi, da kuma low shrinkage, surface roughness, ne mai kyau tsakiyar Layer na anti-lalata Paint. Epoxy gilashin sikelin fenti ne epoxy guduro a matsayin tushe abu, tare da flaky gilashin sikelin a matsayin tara, da iri-iri na Additives hada da lokacin farin ciki irin anticorrosion fenti. Girman sikelin gilashi shine kawai 2 zuwa 5 microns. Kamar yadda aka shirya ma'auni a cikin yadudduka sama da ƙasa a cikin sutura, an kafa tsarin kariya na musamman.

4.3 saman kofa

Za'a iya raba fenti da aka yi amfani da su don suturar saman zuwa maki uku gwargwadon farashin su:

(1) Daraja na yau da kullun shine fenti epoxy, fenti na roba mai chlorinated, chlorosulphonated polyethylene da sauransu;

(2) Matsakaicin matsayi shine fenti na polyurethane;

(3) Matsayi mafi girma shine fenti na polyurethane wanda aka canza shi, silicone-gyara acrylic saman gashi, fenti na fluorine da sauransu.

Epoxy Paint bayan sinadarai curing, sinadaran kwanciyar hankali, m shafi, karfi mannewa, high inji Properties, shi ne resistant zuwa acid, alkali, gishiri, iya tsayayya da dama sinadaran kafofin watsa labarai lalata.

5. Zaɓin fentin anticorrosive ya kamata yayi la'akari da maki da yawa

5.1 Ya kamata a yi la'akari da daidaituwar yanayin amfani da tsarin da kewayon fenti da aka zaɓa, dangane da matsakaicin lalata (nau'in, zafin jiki da maida hankali) lokaci na gas ko lokacin ruwa, wuraren zafi da zafi ko bushewa da sauran wurare. yanayin zaɓi. Don matsakaiciyar acidic, ana iya amfani da fenti na phenolic guduro tare da mafi kyawun juriya na acid, yayin da matsakaicin alkaline, fentin resin epoxy ya kamata a yi amfani da mafi kyawun juriya na alkali.

5.2 Yi la'akari da yuwuwar yanayin gini. Wasu sun dace da gogewa, wasu sun dace da feshi, wasu sun dace da bushewar yanayi don samar da fim da sauransu. Don yanayin gaba ɗaya, yana da kyau a yi amfani da bushe, mai sauƙin fesa fenti mai sanyi.

5.3 Yi la'akari da daidai daidaitawar sutura. Kamar yadda mafi yawan fenti ne Organic colloidal abu a matsayin tushe abu, fenti kowane Layer na fim, akwai babu makawa da yawa na kwarai kananan microporous, lalata kafofin watsa labarai na iya har yanzu shiga cikin yashwar karfe. Sabili da haka, ginin fenti na yanzu ba a rufe shi da launi ɗaya ba, amma mai rufi mai yawa, manufar ita ce rage ƙananan microporous zuwa ƙananan. Ya kamata a sami daidaitawa mai kyau tsakanin farar fata da topcoat. Irin su fenti na vinyl chloride da phosphating primer ko baƙin ƙarfe ja alkyd primer yana goyan bayan amfani da sakamako mai kyau, kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi tare da tushen mai ba (kamar fenti mai tushen mai) yana goyan bayan amfani. Saboda fentin perchlorethylene ya ƙunshi ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, zai lalata fim ɗin farko.

Yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi aiki mai kyau a cikin antirust da anticorrosion don inganta ci gaban ginin gine-ginen karfe, adana kayan aiki, tsawaita rayuwar ginin, tabbatar da samar da lafiya da kuma rage gurɓataccen muhalli.